Time to act sustainably: Why can't we wait any longer?

OBJECTIVES: to raise reflections on the need for health services and professionals to implement sustainable actions, aiming at their own survival and that of the planet. METHODS: reflective essay based on international reports regarding the impact of climate change on people's health and the role of institutions in this context. RESULTS: the article focused on three fundamentals: climate change continues to be a threat to the health and well-being of all beings on Earth; the institutions that should contribute to health are great agents of contamination of the environment and emission of gases that aggravate the greenhouse effect; and there are several benefits for health institutions to act sustainably. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: we cannot wait any longer; we must develop policies and management models aimed at environmentally responsible, economically viable, and socially more collaborative healthcare.

Medication reconciliation in pediatrics: a validation of instruments to prevent medication errors.

OBJECTIVES: to develop and validate the content of two instruments for promoting medication reconciliation for the transition of care of hospitalized children. METHODS: methodological study, conducted in five stages: scope review for conceptual structure; elaboration of the initial version; content validation with five specialists using the Delphi technique; reassessment; and construction of the final version of the instruments. A content validity index of at least 0.80 was adopted. RESULTS: three rounds of evaluation were carried out to reach the validity index of the proposed contents, whereas a new analysis of 50% of the 20 items of the instrument aimed at families, and 28.5% of the 21 items aimed at professionals was necessary. The instrument aimed at families reached an index of 0.93, and the instrument for professionals, 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: the proposed instruments were validated. It is now possible to proceed with practical implementation studies to identify their influence on safety during medication reconciliation at transition of care.

Time to act sustainably: Why can't we wait any longer? / Hora de actuar de manera sostenible: ¿Por qué no podemos esperar más? / Tempo de agir de maneira sustentável: Por que não podemos esperar mais?

ABSTRACT Objectives: to raise reflections on the need for health services and professionals to implement sustainable actions, aiming at their own survival and that of the planet. Methods: reflective essay based on international reports regarding the impact of climate change on people's health and the role of institutions in this context. Results: the article focused on three fundamentals: climate change continues to be a threat to the health and well-being of all beings on Earth; the institutions that should contribute to health are great agents of contamination of the environment and emission of gases that aggravate the greenhouse effect; and there are several benefits for health institutions to act sustainably. Final Considerations: we cannot wait any longer; we must develop policies and management models aimed at environmentally responsible, economically viable, and socially more collaborative healthcare.

RESUMEN Objetivos: suscitar las reflexiones acerca de la necesidad de los servicios y profesionales de salud implementar acciones sostenibles objetivando a la propia supervivencia y del planeta. Métodos: ensayo reflexivo basado en informes internacionales con relación al impacto de los cambios climáticos sobre la salud de las personas y al rol de las instituciones en eso contexto. Resultados: están enfocados tres fundamentos: los cambios climáticos continúan a ser una amenaza para la salud y bienestar de todos los seres de la Tierra; las instituciones que deberían contribuir para la salud son grandes agentes de contaminación del ambiente y de emisión de los gases que agravan el efecto invernadero; y hay diversos beneficios para las instituciones de salud actuaren de manera sostenible. Consideraciones Finales: no podemos esperar más; tenemos de desarrollar políticas y modelos de gestión vueltos a una asistencia a la salud medioambiental responsable, económicamente viable y socialmente más colaborativa.

RESUMO Objetivos: suscitar reflexões acerca da necessidade de os serviços e profissionais de saúde implementarem ações sustentáveis visando à própria sobrevivência e do planeta. Métodos: ensaio reflexivo embasado em relatórios internacionais com relação ao impacto das mudanças climáticas sobre a saúde das pessoas e ao papel das instituições nesse contexto. Resultados: são enfocados três fundamentos: as mudanças climáticas continuam a ser uma ameaça para a saúde e bem-estar de todos os seres da Terra; as instituições que deveriam contribuir para a saúde são grandes agentes de contaminação do meio ambiente e de emissão dos gases que agravam o efeito estufa; e há vários benefícios para as instituições de saúde agirem de maneira sustentável. Considerações Finais: não podemos esperar mais; temos de desenvolver políticas e modelos de gestão voltados à uma assistência à saúde ambientalmente responsável, economicamente viável e socialmente mais colaborativa.

Medication reconciliation in pediatrics: a validation of instruments to prevent medication errors / Conciliación medicamentosa en pediatría: validación de instrumentos para la prevención de errores en la medicación / Reconciliação medicamentosa em pediatria: validação de instrumentos para a prevenção de erros na medicação

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and validate the content of two instruments for promoting medication reconciliation for the transition of care of hospitalized children. Methods: methodological study, conducted in five stages: scope review for conceptual structure; elaboration of the initial version; content validation with five specialists using the Delphi technique; reassessment; and construction of the final version of the instruments. A content validity index of at least 0.80 was adopted. Results: three rounds of evaluation were carried out to reach the validity index of the proposed contents, whereas a new analysis of 50% of the 20 items of the instrument aimed at families, and 28.5% of the 21 items aimed at professionals was necessary. The instrument aimed at families reached an index of 0.93, and the instrument for professionals, 0.90. Conclusions: the proposed instruments were validated. It is now possible to proceed with practical implementation studies to identify their influence on safety during medication reconciliation at transition of care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: elaborar y validar contenido de dos instrumentos para la promoción de conciliación medicamentosa en la transición de atención de niños hospitalizados. Métodos: estudio metodológico realizado en cinco etapas: revisión de ámbito para estructura conceptual; elaboración de versión inicial; validación del contenido con cinco especialistas utilizando la Técnica Delphi; re-evaluación; y construcción de versión final de los instrumentos. Adoptado índice de validez de contenido, como mínimo, 0.80. Resultados: fueron realizadas tres rondas de evaluación para alcance de índice de validez en los contenidos propuestos, siendo necesario nuevo análisis de 50% de los 20 ítems del instrumento destinado a familias, y 28,5% de los 21 ítems destinados a profesionales. Instrumento dirigido a familias alcanzó índice de 0,93; y el instrumento, a profesionales, 0,90. Conclusiones: instrumentos propuestos fueron validados, siendo posible proseguir con estudio de implementación práctica para identificar influencia en la seguridad durante la conciliación medicamentosa en la transición de atención.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e validar o conteúdo de dois instrumentos para a promoção da reconciliação medicamentosa na transição dos cuidados de crianças hospitalizadas. Métodos: estudo metodológico realizado em cinco etapas: revisão de escopo para estrutura conceitual; elaboração da versão inicial; validação do conteúdo com cinco especialistas utilizando a Técnica Delphi; reavaliação; e construção da versão final dos instrumentos. Adotou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo de, no mínimo, 0.80. Resultados: foram realizadas três rodadas de avaliação para alcance de índice de validade nos conteúdos propostos, sendo necessária nova análise de 50% dos 20 itens do instrumento destinado às famílias, e 28,5% dos 21 itens destinados aos profissionais. O instrumento direcionado às famílias atingiu índice de 0,93; e o instrumento, aos profissionais, 0,90. Conclusões: os instrumentos propostos foram validados, sendo possível prosseguir com estudo de implementação prática para identificar influência na segurança durante a reconciliação medicamentosa na transição dos cuidados.

Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Venous International Assessment Scale and proposal of revision.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the Brazilian Portuguese translation and analyze the cultural adaptation of the Venous International Assessment Scale. METHODS: Observational study by employing the Delphi technique and an equivalence evaluation by experts. The results were analyzed using item scores and by content validity index calculations of item, scale, and universal agreement. RESULTS: Three rounds of evaluation were necessary for consensus. Explanatory contents were incorporated into the original scale throughout the process, resulting in a new version: VIA Scale - Revised. This scale obtained a content validity index of 0.96 and a universal agreement of 0.78. In the cross-cultural adequacy analysis phase, a score of 0.77 was obtained. The majority (90.5%) of the participants judged the scale's decision support property as positive. CONCLUSION: The VIA Scale was validated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language, resulting in the VIA Scale - Revised (VIA-R).

Stability of vancomycin hydrochloride employed in antimicrobial seal solutions of central intravenous catheters. / Estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina empregado em soluções de selo antimicrobiano de cateteres intravenosos centrais.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in antimicrobial seal solutions with and without association of heparin sodium according to temperature and association time. METHOD: an experimental study designed for the analysis of hydrogenionic potential and concentration by means of high-efficiency liquid chromatography of vancomycin hydrochloride (n=06) and vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium (n=06). The solutions studied were submitted to absence of light, as well as to 22°C and 37°C. Analyses in triplicate (n=192) were performed at the initial moment (T0) and three (T3), eight (T8) and 24 hours (T24) after preparation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05). RESULTS: concentration of the antimicrobial at 22°C presented a reduction (T0-T8) and a subsequent increase (T24); hydrogenionic potential decreased significantly over time. At 37°C, the concentration increased up to T3 and decreased at T24, with a reduction of hydrogenionic potential up to 24 hours. Concentration of the vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium solutions varied with a reduction at 22°C, accompanied by increased hydrogenionic potential. Precipitate formation was observed by visual inspection of the vancomycin hydrochloride-heparin sodium association (T3). CONCLUSION: pharmacological stability of vancomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/mL) and physical incompatibility with heparin sodium (100 IU/mL) were evidenced after three hours of association in the antimicrobial seal solutions studied.

Influence of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters With Proximal Valves on Red Blood Cell Hemolysis During Transfusion.

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of hemolysis after infusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in 12 peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) with a proximal valve, according to size and infusion rate. This was an experimental in vitro study performed under laboratory-controlled conditions, and the sample was composed of 12 PICCs with proximal valves (3F and 4F catheter). Twelve type A+ aliquots from 10 PRBCs were analyzed preinfusion and postinfusion according to PICC size and infusion rate. Hemolysis markers, total hemoglobin (g/dL), hematocrit (%), free hemoglobin (g/dL), potassium (mmol/L), lactate dehydrogenase (U/L), and rate of hemolysis (%) were studied. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. After the infusions in 3F PICCs, an increase was seen in rate of hemolysis (P = .003) and free hemoglobin (P = .014), in addition to a reduction in total hemoglobin (P = .002), with significant influence of minimum and maximum flow rates on the rate of hemolysis. The study finding indicated that the smaller catheter size and the infusion rate influenced variations in some hemolysis markers, but the alterations observed in the hemolysis markers would not contraindicate the infusion of PRBCs by 3F and 4F PICCs with proximal valves.

Estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina empregado em soluções de selo antimicrobiano de cateteres intravenosos centrais / Stability of vancomycin hydrochloride employed in antimicrobial seal solutions of central intravenous catheters / Estabilidad del clorhidrato de vancomicina utilizado en soluciones de sellado antimicrobiano para catéteres intravenosos centrales

Resumo Objetivo: verificar a estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina em soluções de selo antimicrobiano sem e com associação de heparina sódica segundo a temperatura e tempo de associação. Método: estudo experimental delineado para análise de potencial hidrogeniônico e concentração por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência de soluções de cloridrato de vancomicina (n=06) e cloridrato de vancomicina e heparina sódica (n=06). Submeteram-se as soluções estudadas à ausência de luz, 22°C e 37°C. Análises em triplicadas (n=192) ocorreram no momento inicial (T0), três (T3), oito (T8) e 24 horas (T24) após preparo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (p≤0,05). Resultados: a concentração do antimicrobiano a 22°C apresentou redução (T0-T8) e posterior elevação (T24); o potencial hidrogeniônico diminuiu significativamente ao longo do tempo. Em 37°C a concentração aumentou em até T3 e reduziu em T24, com redução de potencial hidrogeniônico até 24 horas. A concentração das soluções de cloridrato de vancomicina e heparina sódica apresentaram variação com redução a 22°C acompanhada de aumento de potencial hidrogeniônico. Observou-se formação de precipitado por inspeção visual da associação cloridrato de vancomicina e heparina sódica (T3). Conclusão: evidenciou-se estabilidade farmacológica do cloridrato de vancomicina (5 mg/mL) e incompatibilidade física com heparina sódica (100 UI/mL) após três horas de associação nas soluções de selo antimicrobiano estudadas.

Abstract Objective: to verify the stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in antimicrobial seal solutions with and without association of heparin sodium according to temperature and association time. Method: an experimental study designed for the analysis of hydrogenionic potential and concentration by means of high-efficiency liquid chromatography of vancomycin hydrochloride (n=06) and vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium (n=06). The solutions studied were submitted to absence of light, as well as to 22°C and 37°C. Analyses in triplicate (n=192) were performed at the initial moment (T0) and three (T3), eight (T8) and 24 hours (T24) after preparation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05). Results: concentration of the antimicrobial at 22°C presented a reduction (T0-T8) and a subsequent increase (T24); hydrogenionic potential decreased significantly over time. At 37°C, the concentration increased up to T3 and decreased at T24, with a reduction of hydrogenionic potential up to 24 hours. Concentration of the vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium solutions varied with a reduction at 22°C, accompanied by increased hydrogenionic potential. Precipitate formation was observed by visual inspection of the vancomycin hydrochloride-heparin sodium association (T3). Conclusion: pharmacological stability of vancomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/mL) and physical incompatibility with heparin sodium (100 IU/mL) were evidenced after three hours of association in the antimicrobial seal solutions studied.

Resumen Objetivo: verificar la estabilidad del clorhidrato de vancomicina en soluciones de sellado antimicrobiano solo y combinado con heparina sódica según la temperatura y el tiempo de combinación. Método: estudio experimental diseñado para analizar el potencial de hidrógeno y la concentración por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución de soluciones de clorhidrato de vancomicina (n=06) y de clorhidrato de vancomicina y heparina sódica (n=06). Las soluciones estudiadas fueron sometidas a ausencia de luz, 22°C y 37°C. Se realizaron análisis por triplicado (n=192) en el momento inicial (T0), a las tres (T3), ocho (T8) y 24 horas (T24) después de la preparación. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza (p≤0,05). Resultados: la concentración de antimicrobiano a 22°C mostró una reducción (T0-T8) y un posterior aumento (T24); el potencial de hidrógeno disminuyó significativamente con el tiempo. A 37°C, la concentración aumentó hasta T3 y disminuyó en T24, el potencial de hidrógeno disminuyó hasta las 24 horas. La concentración de las soluciones de clorhidrato de vancomicina y heparina sódica mostró variación con la reducción a 22°C acompañada de un aumento del potencial de hidrógeno. Mediante inspección visual se observó la formación de un precipitado al combinar clorhidrato de vancomicina y heparina sódica (T3). Conclusión: el clorhidrato de vancomicina (5 mg/ml) presentó evidencia de estabilidad farmacológica e incompatibilidad física con la heparina sódica (100 UI/ml) después de las tres horas de haberse realizado la combinación en las soluciones de sellado antimicrobiano estudiadas.

Methods for measuring venous peripherally inserted central catheters in newborns / Métodos de medición de catéteres venosos centrales de inserción periférica en recién nacidos / Métodos de mensuração dos cateteres venosos centrais de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the results of insertion procedures of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in newborns using two measurement methods. Methods: this is a randomized clinical trial, presenting descriptive and exploratory results of variables. It was held at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data were collected between September 2018 and 2019. The sample analyzed was 88 catheter insertion procedures, distributed in two groups. Study approved by an Institutional Review Board and obtained registration in the country and abroad. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression of data. Results: modified measurement obtained a significant difference for the central catheter tip location. Elective removals and adverse events were not significant between groups; however, poor positioning was related to adverse events. Conclusions: between the two methods analyzed, the modified measurement obtained better results in the proper catheter tip positioning and, consequently, less risk to patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los resultados de los procedimientos de inserción del catéter central de inserción periférica en recién nacidos mediante dos métodos de medición. Métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, presentando los resultados descriptivos y exploratorios de las variables. Realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Los datos fueron recolectados entre septiembre de 2018 y 2019. La muestra analizada fueron 88 procedimientos de inserción de catéter, divididos en dos grupos. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética. Se obtuvo el registro en el país y en el exterior. Análisis descriptivo y regresión logística de los datos. Resultados: el método de medición modificado obtuvo una diferencia significativa para la ubicación central de la punta del catéter. Los retiros electivos y los eventos adversos no fueron significativos entre los grupos; sin embargo, la mala posición se relacionó con los eventos adversos. Conclusiones: entre los dos métodos analizados, la medida modificada obtuvo mejores resultados en el correcto posicionamiento de la punta del catéter y, en consecuencia, menor riesgo para los pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os resultados dos procedimentos de inserção de Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica em recém-nascidos utilizando dois métodos de mensuração. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, apresentando os resultados descritivos e exploratórios das variáveis. Realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2018 e 2019. A amostra analisada foi de 88 procedimentos de inserção do cateter, distribuídos em dois grupos. Estudo aprovado no Comitê de Ética. Obteve-se registro no país e exterior. Análise descritiva e regressão logística dos dados. Resultados: o método de medida modificada obteve diferença significativa para a localização central da ponta do cateter. Retiradas eletivas e eventos adversos não foram significativos entre os grupos, porém o mau posicionamento foi relacionado com os eventos adversos. Conclusões: entre os dois métodos analisados, a medida modificada obteve melhores resultados no posicionamento adequado da ponta do cateter e, consequentemente, menores riscos aos pacientes.

Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Venous International Assessment Scale and proposal of revision / Validación para el portugués de Brasil de la escala Venous International Assessment y propuesta de revisión / Validação para o português do Brasil da Escala Venous International Assessment e proposta de revisão

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the Brazilian Portuguese translation and analyze the cultural adaptation of the Venous International Assessment Scale. Methods: Observational study by employing the Delphi technique and an equivalence evaluation by experts. The results were analyzed using item scores and by content validity index calculations of item, scale, and universal agreement. Results: Three rounds of evaluation were necessary for consensus. Explanatory contents were incorporated into the original scale throughout the process, resulting in a new version: VIA Scale - Revised. This scale obtained a content validity index of 0.96 and a universal agreement of 0.78. In the cross-cultural adequacy analysis phase, a score of 0.77 was obtained. The majority (90.5%) of the participants judged the scale's decision support property as positive. Conclusion: The VIA Scale was validated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language, resulting in the VIA Scale - Revised (VIA-R).

RESUMEN Objetivo: Validar traducción para el portugués brasileño y analizar la adaptación cultural de la Escala Venous International Assessment. Métodos: Estudio observacional dado por la aplicación de la técnica de Delphi y evaluación de la equivalencia por especialistas. Los resultados analizados mediante la calificación por ítem y cálculos de índices de validez de contenido de ítem, escala y concordancia universal. Resultados: Fueron necesarias tres rondas de evaluación para consenso. En el curso del proceso, fueron incorporados contenidos explicativos a la escala original, proponiéndose la Escala VIA - Revised. Esta obtuvo índice de validez de contenido de 0,96 y concordancia universal de 0,78. En el análisis de la adecuación transcultural, fue obtenido índice de 0,77. La mayoría (90,5%) de los participantes juzgó positivamente la propriedad de la escala de apoyo a la decisión. Conclusión: La Escala VIA fue validada y adaptada culturalmente al portugués brasileño, generando proposición de la Escala VIA - Revised (VIA-R).

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar a tradução para língua portuguesa do Brasil e analisar a adaptação cultural da Escala Venous International Assessment. Métodos: Estudo observacional dado pela aplicação da técnica de Delphi e avaliação da equivalência por especialistas. Os resultados foram analisados mediante a pontuação por item e cálculos de índices de validade de conteúdo de item, escala e concordância universal. Resultados: Foram necessárias três rodadas de avaliação para consenso. No decorrer do processo, foram incorporados conteúdos explicativos à escala original, propondo-se a Escala VIA - Revised. Esta obteve índice de validade de conteúdo de 0,96 e concordância universal de 0,78. Na etapa de análise da adequação transcultural, foi obtido índice de 0,77. A maioria (90,5%) dos participantes julgou de modo positivo a propriedade da escala de apoio à decisão. Conclusão: A Escala VIA foi validada e adaptada culturalmente para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, gerando proposição da Escala VIA - Revised (VIA-R).

Methods for measuring venous peripherally inserted central catheters in newborns.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the results of insertion procedures of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in newborns using two measurement methods. METHODS: this is a randomized clinical trial, presenting descriptive and exploratory results of variables. It was held at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data were collected between September 2018 and 2019. The sample analyzed was 88 catheter insertion procedures, distributed in two groups. Study approved by an Institutional Review Board and obtained registration in the country and abroad. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression of data. RESULTS: modified measurement obtained a significant difference for the central catheter tip location. Elective removals and adverse events were not significant between groups; however, poor positioning was related to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: between the two methods analyzed, the modified measurement obtained better results in the proper catheter tip positioning and, consequently, less risk to patients.

Patient-and Family-Centered Care and Patient Safety: reflections upon emerging proximity.

OBJECTIVE: To present reflections upon conceptual and pragmatic relationships between the Patient-and Family-Centered Care and patient safety. METHOD: A discussion about constructs related to the Patient-and Family-Centered Care and patient safety, which shows their interface with pragmatic issues of clinical nursing practice. RESULTS: Considering patients and families as partners and agents promoting safe care is mandatory for the safety culture. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Decreasing errors and adverse health care events can be accomplished by understanding manners to incorporate the principles of Patient-and Family-Centered Care into issues related to patient safety.

Influence of Ear Protectors on the Sleep of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ear protectors on the sleep of preterm newborns during the "quiet" times in intermediate care nursery. This was a clinical, randomized, controlled crossover study conducted in two neonatal units in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of preterm infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. Polysomnography and unstructured observation were used for data collection. Twenty-four preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 33.2 weeks and current weight of 1.747 g were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the total sleep time of preterm infants with and without the use of ear protectors. Newborns with lower gestational age showed a significant reduction in total sleep time with the use of ear protectors (p < .05). The use of ear protection did not increase the total sleep time for preterm infants.

Patient-and Family-Centered Care and Patient Safety: reflections upon emerging proximity / Atención centrada en el paciente y la familia y la Seguridad del Paciente: reflexiones sobre una proximidad emergente / Cuidado Centrado no Paciente e Família e Segurança do Paciente: reflexões sobre uma proximidade emergente

ABSTRACT Objective: To present reflections upon conceptual and pragmatic relationships between the Patient-and Family-Centered Care and patient safety. Method: A discussion about constructs related to the Patient-and Family-Centered Care and patient safety, which shows their interface with pragmatic issues of clinical nursing practice. Results: Considering patients and families as partners and agents promoting safe care is mandatory for the safety culture. Final considerations: Decreasing errors and adverse health care events can be accomplished by understanding manners to incorporate the principles of Patient-and Family-Centered Care into issues related to patient safety.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Exponer reflexiones sobre las relaciones conceptuales y pragmáticas acerca del Atención centrada en el paciente y la familia y la Seguridad del Paciente. Método: Discusión acerca de construcciones relacionadas con Atención centrada en el paciente y la familia y la Seguridad del Paciente; presentando la interfaz de estos, con problemas pragmáticos de la práctica clínica de enfermería. Resultados: Se enfatiza ser imperativo a la cultura de seguridad, considerar pacientes y familias como colaboradores y agentes promotores de un cuidado seguro. Consideraciones finales: Comprender formas de incorporar los principios del Atención centrada en el paciente y la familia, a los problemas relacionados con la seguridad del paciente, puede contribuir para mitigar errores y eventos adversos en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar reflexões sobre as relações conceituais e pragmáticas acerca do Modelo Cuidado Centrado no Paciente e na Família e da Segurança do Paciente. Método: Discussão acerca de construtos relacionados ao Modelo de Cuidado Centrado no Paciente e na Família e Segurança do Paciente apresentando a interface desses com questões pragmáticas da prática clínica de enfermagem. Resultados: Enfatiza-se ser imperativo à cultura de segurança considerar pacientes e famílias como parceiros e agentes promotores de um cuidado seguro. Considerações finais: Compreender formas de incorporar os princípios do Cuidado Centrado no Paciente e Família às questões relacionadas à segurança do paciente pode contribuir para mitigar erros e eventos adversos em saúde.

Produção e atividades científicas de egressos de doutorado de um programa de pós-graduação em enfermagem / Producción y actividades científicas de egresados de doctorado de un programa de posgrado en Enfermería / Scientific production and activities of graduates from a doctoral nursing program

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar os egressos do curso de doutorado de um programa de pós-graduação em enfermagem, e descrever indicadores de produção e atividade científica. Métodos Estudo documental, descritivo e de natureza quantitativa. A amostra foi constituída por 217 (96,9%) egressos que defenderam teses de doutorado na Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, período de 1986 a 2016. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informações Universitárias da Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Plataforma Lattes e Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; e, Plataforma Sucupira. Foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva. Resultados Os egressos, majoritariamente, são enfermeiros (89,4%); sexo feminino (90,8%); média de idade de 43 anos e atuavam na docência (85,7%). Considerável maioria (84,3%) dos doutores egressos, desenvolveram atividades de orientação, predominantemente na graduação (4566), sendo descrita orientação de 3087 alunos de Lato Sensu e 609 de Stricto Sensu ; 22,6% atuavam como responsáveis por grupo de pesquisa. No período identificou-se publicação de 1.869 artigos, sendo 57,5% nos estratos superiores do Qualis-Capes 2016; 194 livros e 860 capítulos de livro. Foram registradas três produções de patentes. Conclusão A maioria dos egressos exerce atividade profissional na área acadêmica, com atividade de orientação de graduandos e pós-graduandos. Verificou-se aumento de projetos financiados e publicações em periódicos de boa qualificação, com menor número de depósitos de patentes.

Resumen Objetivo Caracterizar a los egresados de la carrera de doctorado de un programa de posgrado en Enfermería y describir indicadores de producción y actividad científica. Métodos Estudio documental, descriptivo y de naturaleza cuantitativa. La muestra fue formada por 217 (96,9%) egresados que defendieron tesis de doctorado en la Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, en el período de 1986 a 2016. Los datos fueron recolectados del Sistema de Información Universitaria de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo; de la plataforma Lattes y directorio de los Grupos de Investigación del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; y de la plataforma Sucupira. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados Los egresados son mayormente enfermeros (89,4%), de sexo femenino (90,8%), con edad promedio de 43 años y ejercían la docencia (85,7%). Una mayoría considerable (84,3%) de los doctores egresados desarrollaron actividades de orientación, principalmente en carreras universitarias (4.566), que se describieron como orientación de 3.087 alumnos de lato sensu y 609 de stricto sensu ; 22,6% actuaban como responsables de grupos de investigación. Durante el período, se identificó la publicación de 1.869 artículos, de los cuales el 57,5% era de estratos superiores del sistema Qualis-Capes 2016; 194 libros y 860 capítulos de libro. Se registraron tres producciones de patentes. Conclusión La mayoría de los egresados ejerce actividad profesional en el área académica, con actividad de orientación de estudiantes universitarios y de posgrado. Se verificó un aumento de proyectos financiados y publicaciones en revistas especializadas bien calificadas, con menor número de depósitos de patentes.

Abstract Objective To characterize the students of the doctoral nursing program and describe indicators of production and scientific activity. Methods This is a documental, descriptive and quantitative study. The sample was composed of 217 (96.9%) graduates who defended PhD thesis at the Paulista Nursing School between 1986 and 2016. Data were collected from the University Information System of the Federal University of São Paulo; Lattes Platform and Directory of Research Groups of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; and Sucupira Platform. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. Results The graduates were mostly nurses (89.4%); female (90.8%); with mean age of 43 years and working as professors (85.7%). Most of the PhD graduates (84.3%) performed supervision and mentoring, predominantly of undergraduate students (4,566), followed by 3,087 Lato Sensu students supervision and 609 Stricto Sensu students supervision ; 22.6% of them were leaders for research groups. In the period, a total of 1,869 articles were published, 57.5% of these in the upper strata of Qualis-Capes 2016, a total number of 194 books and 860 book chapters. Three patents were registered. Conclusion Most graduates work as academics, advising undergraduates and graduates. There was an increase in funded projects and publications in well-qualified journals whereas the number of patents is restricted.

Marcadores de hemólise em concentrado de hemácias administrados por cateter central de inserção periférica não valvulado* / Marcadores de hemólisis en concentrado de eritrocitos administrados por catéter central de inserción periférica sin válvula* / Hemolysis markers of blood administered in non-valved peripherally inserted central catheter*

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar as variações nos níveis de marcadores de hemólise em CH administrados por CCIP segundo o calibre do cateter. Método: Estudo experimental realizado em laboratório com condições de temperatura e umidade controladas. A amostra teve 36 alíquotas de sangue de 10 bolsas de hemácias com tipo de sangue A+; infusão de gravidade foi utilizada em seis CCIP de 3Fr (French) e seis de 4Fr, totalizando 12 experimentos divididos em três tempos: basal, fluxo livre e fluxo controlado. Analisou-se grau de hemólise, valores totais e livres de hemoglobina, desidrogenase láctica e potássio. Resultados: Houve aumento da média de hemoglobina livre (p=0,01) e grau de hemólise (p=0,01) após infusão de fluxo livre, com média de elevação de 0,04 de potássio (p<0,01) e redução de hemoglobina total (p=0,01) em fluxo controlado. O concentrado de hemácias aplicadas em 4Fr CCIP teve média de elevação de grau de fluxo. O CCIP de 3Fr teve aumento médio significante em grau de hemólise (p=0,03) e hemoglobina livre (p=0,01) após controle do fluxo. Conclusão: O CCIP de 4Fr foram associados a maiores mudanças nos marcadores de hemólise. Maior dimensão do calibre pode proporcionar fluxo turbulento, contribuindo para um maior choque entre as hemácias.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las variaciones de los niveles de marcadores de hemólisis en CE administrados por CCIP según el calibre del catéter. Método: Estudio experimental realizado en laboratorio en condiciones de temperatura y humedad controladas. La muestra tenía 36 alícuotas de sangre de 10 bolsas de eritrocitos con tipo de sangre A+; fue utilizada infusión por gravedad en seis CCIP de 3 FR (French) y seis de 4 FR, un total de 12 experimentos divididos en tres tiempos: basal, flujo libre y flujo controlado. Se analizó el nivel de hemólisis, valores totales y libres de hemoglobina, deshidrogenasa láctica y potasio. Resultados: Hubo un aumento del promedio de hemoglobina libre (p=0,01) y nivel de hemólisis (p=0,01) después de infusión de flujo libre, con promedio de elevación de 0,04 de potasio (p<0,01) y reducción de hemoglobina total (p=0,01) en flujo controlado. El concentrado de eritrocitos aplicados en 4 FR CCIP tuvo promedio de elevación de nivel de flujo. El CCIP de 3 FR tuvo un aumento promedio significativo en nivel de hemólisis (p=0,03) y hemoglobina libre (p=0,01) después de control de flujo. Conclusión: El CCIP de 4 FR fue asociado a mayores cambios en los marcadores de hemólisis. Mayor dimensión del calibre puede proporcionar flujo turbulento, lo que contribuye a un mayor choque entre los eritrocitos.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the change in hemolysis markers in packed red blood cells, administered by gravity infusion in non-valved PICC lines, according to different sizes. Methods: Experimental study carried out in laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The sample had 36 blood aliquots from 10 packed red blood cells bags with A positive blood type; gravity infusion was used in six 3 French (Fr) PICC and in six 4Fr PICC, totaling 12 experiments divided in three moments: Basal, Free Flow and Controlled Flow. Degree of hemolysis, total and free hemoglobin values, lactic dehydrogenase and potassium were analyzed. Results: There was an average increase of free hemoglobin (p=0.01) and degree of hemolysis (p=0.01) after Free Flow infusion, with 0.04 average elevation of potassium (p<0.01) and decrease of total hemoglobin (p=0.01) in Controlled Flow. The packed red blood cells infused in 4Fr PICC had average elevation of degree of hemolysis (p=0.03) in Free Flow, and potassium (p=0.03) and degree of hemolysis (p=0.05) in the Controlled Flow. The 3Fr PICC had significant average increase in the degree of hemolysis (p=0.03) and free hemoglobin (p=0.01) after flow control. Conclusion: The 4Fr PICC were associated to higher changes in hemolysis markers. We infer that the larger size can provide a turbulent flow, contributing to a larger clash among red blood cells.

Frequency of Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses and Accuracy of Clinical Indicators in Preterm Infants.

PURPOSE: To identify the frequency of the nursing diagnoses, ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange and impaired spontaneous ventilation in newborns; and, to analyze the accuracy of diagnostic indicators identified for each of these diagnoses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a nonprobability sample of 92 infants. Data collected were represented by demographic and clinical variables, clinical indicators of the three respiratory nursing diagnoses from NANDA International, and were analyzed according to frequency and agreement between pairs of expert nurses (Kappa). FINDINGS: Ineffective breathing pattern was identified in 74.5% of infants; impaired gas exchange was noted in 31.5%; impaired spontaneous ventilation was found in 16.8% of subjects. Use of accessory muscles to breathe showed the highest sensitivity for ineffective breathing pattern; abnormal blood gases had the best predictive value for impaired gas exchange. Use of accessory muscles to breathe had the highest sensitivity for impaired spontaneous ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Ineffective breathing pattern was the most frequently identified; use of accessory muscles, alteration in depth of breathing, abnormal breathing, and dyspnea were the most representative signs/symptoms. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Early recognition of respiratory conditions can support safe interventions to ensure appropriate outcomes.

Hemolysis risk after packed red blood cells transfusion with infusion pumps.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hemolysis biomarkers of packed red blood cells transfused by two different linear peristaltic infusion pumps at two infusion rates. METHOD: An experimental and randomized study was designed simulating the clinical practice of transfusion. Two linear peristaltic infusion pumps from different manufactures were studied in triplicate at 100 mL/h and 300mL/h infusion rates. The chosen hemolysis biomarkers were total hemoglobin, free hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium and degree of hemolysis. They were analyzed before and after each infusion. RESULTS: Potassium showed statistically significant variations in all scenarios of the experiment (P<0.010). In a separated analysis, potassium increased mainly at 300mL/h rate (P=0.021) and free hemoglobin had significant variation when comparing infusion pumps from different manufacturers (P=0.026). Although hematocrit, total hemoglobin and degree of hemolysis had increased after infusion, no statistically significance variations were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Hemolysis risk induced by a linear peristaltic infusion pump was identified by an increase in free hemoglobin and potassium markers. As the potassium biomarker is often increased in aged packed red blood cells, we do not recommend using them in this scenario. Additional studies should be performed about other markers and using larger samples in order to reinforce the transfusion practice in nursing.